Television And Young Women s Western Society - 1587 Words

Television and Young Women in Western Society Reality television is considered to be essentially unscripted and unfiltered television programs where people showcase themselves depicting their real lives, the good, the bad and the ugly. Reality TV shows like â€Å"The Real Housewives† or â€Å"The Kardashians† exploit the lives of wealthy high-class people who portray drama, fortune and materialistic things. Since the beginning of the reality show phenomenon critics have been debating that reality television is nothing more than highly scripted flavored up television that attracts viewers with the allure of dramatic flare and sex appeal. Is reality television negatively effecting the perception of self and gender roles in young women who are viewing it? According to research done at the University of Michigan, 71% of 8-18 year olds have a TV in their bedroom and in 53% of those households there is no restriction on TV viewing (Boyse). With the female population under 18 years of age soaring at 74,181,467 (US Census), it is obvious that a large portion of young females are viewing these reality television programs. According to another study done at Oregon State University, reality TV statistics point out that 68% 18-29 year olds watch reality television (Oregon). Social comparison theory states that people are repeatedly evaluating themselves by comparing themselves to others (Vonderen, Kinnally). With this being said, females often compare themselves to other females in media whoShow MoreRelatedMasculinity, Masculinity And Violence1728 Words   |  7 Pagesgender systems, masculinity is an expression of male gender that can vary based upon culture and society. Many cultures uphold a set of standards and expectations that an individual must maintain in order to be considered masculine. Several of these expectations can often be dangerous, violent, or even abusive. In particular with a focus on the two-sex, two-gender system of Western, patriarch al society, this paper will investigate the correlation between enforced masculinity and violence. AccordingRead MoreThe Western as a Film Genre1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe Western as a Genre John Ford’s Stagecoach (United Artists) has been hailed as the official Western Classic. Released in 1939 after the lull in production of Westerns caused by the advent of sound and The Great Depression during the mid 1930’s, it is considered one of the key films that helped revived the A-Western in the 1940’s prior to WWII. Stagecoach has the classic Western recipe. The main staple of that recipe in Stagecoach were authentically dressed cowboys and town folk, the dressRead MoreWesternization Vs. Eating Disorders1645 Words   |  7 Pageswesternization as â€Å"to influence with ideas, customs, and practices that are characteristic of the Occident or the western United States.† (â€Å"Westernization† def. 1) This can be understood as the way in which societies across the world have come to adopt western culture in the means of law, lifestyle, clothing, language and diet. In countries where eating disorders are beginning to prevail, western media a nd culture have become more accessible. Exposure to media imagery is known to have a strong influenceRead MoreWomen s Impact On Women During The Sun s Never Leave Yourself By Eileen P. Anderson1624 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout time, women have endured many things. In Never Leave Yourself by Eileen P. Anderson-Fye and Reinterpreting the Labor Mobility of Rural Young Women in post-Mao China by Yan Hairong, women have had to change during times of modernity; different ideas have become salient in the minds of these women due to the forces of modernity and globalization. An idea or sense of liberation is apparent in both of these articles. Belizean women have managed to succeed on what they perceive as liberation;Read MoreConfusing Sexuality with Love in Sharon Olds’ â€Å"Sex Without Love† 1041 Words   |  5 Pageswriting (Garbett, pars. 1, 3, 5, 7). During the early 1980s when Olds published The Dead and the Living, Western society was rapidly shifting their way of life. As things became easier with technological advances, curiosity and independence was the norm amongst the nation’s youth. It frequently became easier to access thoughts and ideas, as did everything else developing fast in the Western culture. All of a sudden, people were more tolerant and they found it easier to ignore all that was happeningRead MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Eating Disorders1324 Words   |  6 Pages00 girl advertising a new diet and starts to feel insecure, or goes to every length on earth to lose weight, but what women don t realize is that those are all influences leading to eating disorders. Women are strongly affected by eating disorders in North America. Many societal, cultural and physiological aspects contribute to the impact that eating disorders have upon women. Psychological aspect of eating disorder The psychological effect of eating disorders is one of, if not the most influentialRead MoreA Study Of Unusual Thoughts, Feelings And Patterns Of Behaviors1672 Words   |  7 PagesAbnormal Psychology is the study of unusual thoughts, feelings and patterns of behaviors. Elements that affect disorders classified under abnormal psychology can include one s genetics, one’s environment, and their economic stability. Eating disorders are a prime examples of what abnormal psychological disorders are. Eating disorders (ED) are defined as illnesses that causes serious disturbances to an individual’s everyday diet, such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely overeatingRead MoreCrime, Violence and Masculinity1541 Words   |  7 Pages Violence in Western society has been increasing steadily and has become a major concern for many nations. Increasingly, much of the violence is committed by male children and teenagers. Crimes by young people are no longer just m isdemeanors, but they now include the major felonies of rape, robbery and homicide. The rise in violent crime in the last few decades has been accompanied by a rise in violence in the media, especially television, movies and music. To protect society, the US governmentRead MoreTelevision Studies (Sex and the City)916 Words   |  4 PagesATS 1304 : CONTEMPORARY TELEVISION STUDIES ASSIGMENT 1 TUTOR: CYREN WONG TUTORIAL: WEDNESDAY 2PM ATS 1304 : CONTEMPORARY TELEVISION STUDIES ASSIGMENT 1 TUTOR: CYREN WONG TUTORIAL: WEDNESDAY 2PM Article 1 The cast of Sexamp; the City (Samp;C) represent a continuum of women’s viewers and dilemmas when it comes to sex, love and dating. The range of perspectives may be one of the reasons why Samp;C sparks so much interest, enthusiasm and criticism. (Samp;C) serves as a mediumRead More Crime, Violence and Masculinity Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagesvictim. Violence in Western society has been increasing steadily and has become a major concern for many nations. Increasingly, much of the violence is committed by male children and teenagers. Crimes by young people are no longer just misdemeanors, but they now include the major felonies of rape, robbery and homicide. The rise in violent crime in the last few decades has been accompanied by a rise in violence in the media, especially television, movies and music. To protect society, the US government

Staffing Issues in Nursing Annotated Bibliography Essay

Gordon, S., Buchanan, J., Bretherton, T. (2008). Safety in Numbers: Nurse-to-Patient Ratios and the Future of Health Care (pp. 1-2). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. This book is a comprehensive look at mandatory legislated ratios and how effective they are in the localities where they have been enacted. It takes into account the pro-ratio arguments, the anti-ratio arguments, discusses the events leading up to the enactment of this legislation, and discusses the results and the research used in evaluating ratio legislation. The strengths of this source are that it’s comprehensive and credible source (it was published by an academic publisher). One of the weaknesses of this source is that the book is very long, and some of the†¦show more content†¦This article is one I plan to use as an opposing viewpoint. It was written after the California ratio legislation went into effect, and it attempts to argue that legislated ratios don’t allow enough flexibility to adjust to changes in patient acuity. It advocates for a system enacted in Pennsylvania, which relies on committees to decide staffing levels. The committees have t o include at least 50 percent practicing nurses. The strengths of this source are that it is very detailed in discussing the alternatives it is advocating for, and presents convincing arguments. However, the weakness is that it doesn’t have any further info evaluating how effective this system is when compared to mandatory ratio legislation – when looking at patient outcomes. Hugonnet, S., Chevrolet, J., Pittet, D. (2007). The Effect of Workload on Infection Risk in Critically Ill Patients [Electronic version]. Critical Care Medicine, 35(1), 76-81. This article establishes that there are many differences in patient outcomes based on nurse-patient ratio in ICUs, looking at infection control in particular. One strength of this source is that the study has a lot of detail, and the methods are solid. It does back up my thesis that nurse-patient ratios are needed to save lives and reduce complications in hospital inpatients. However, a weakness of the source is that it was conducted in an ICU. Most patients in ICUs receive a high number of invasiveShow MoreRelatedAn Annotated Bibliography of Research Papers on Nursing547 Words   |  2 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Kalisch, B.J. Lee, K.H. (2011). Nurse staffing levels and teamwork: A cross-section study of patient care units in acute-care hospitals. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43(1): 82-88. The purpose of this study is to determine whether nurse staffing has an effect on teamwork. In order to make this determination, a cross-sectional study is used here. The methodology is quantitative, and uses a descriptive design. A sample of nursing staff that came from four differentRead MoreNursing Shortage Effects On Quality Patient Care1346 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated Bibliography: The Nursing Shortage Effects on Quality Patient Care Prior to starting nursing school, I worked as a patient care technician at a hospital in my hometown. Many times, there were not enough nurses to efficiently take on the amount of patients on our medical surgical floor. Therefore, the nurse to patient ratio was exceeded on many of the shifts. While working as a technician, I never fully understood the daily struggles of the nurses when having the responsibility of sevenRead MoreMod 2 Annotated nursing bibs Essay1554 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Annotated Bibliographies Elizabeth Young Professional Issues and Leadership in Contemporary Nursing Nur-204054-04 Prof. Jill Borgos February 10, 2015 Davies, A., Wong, C.A., Laschinger, H. (2011). Nurses’ participation in personal knowledge transfer: The role of leader-member exchange (LMX) and structural empowerment. Journal of Nursing Management, 19(5), 632-643. The purpose of the study as stated in the abstract was to test Kanter’s theory by examining relationships among structuralRead MoreNurse: Research and Turnover2314 Words   |  10 Pagesreport on nursing turnover. An annotated bibliography of 10 articles related to the problem will be discussed. This is by no means an exhaustive list. The research reports provide credible evidence-based practice implications regarding nursing turnover. Critique of Primary Research Article Bae, Mark, and Fried (2010) examined the affects of nurse turnover on patient outcomes on different units. Assumptions regarding the adverse impact of nursing turnover onRead MoreDying in a Hospital Setting3212 Words   |  13 PagesGood communication between physician and patient is vital for a patient to make an informed choice regarding their care. * Patients may not receive palliative care if end of life is diagnosed too late. * A lack of resources such as short staffing contributes to suboptimal end of life care. Dying in a Hospital Setting Most Americans die in hospitals; many suffer unnecessarily due to the lack of knowledge about end of life careRead MoreCns Role3029 Words   |  13 PagesAACN Statement of Support for Clinical Nurse Specialists The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) is committed to advancing professional nursing roles and highlighting the connection between well-educated nurses and quality health care. As a leading supporter of academic institutions that educate advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), AACN is keenly aware of the direct link between graduate-prepared nurses and both patient safety and positive outcomes. Within the APRN communityRead MoreMga Uri Ng Pagsulat5939 Words   |  24 PagesStudy Lancaster Laboratories Professional Scientific Staffing: a case study in successfully serving our customer by Hermes van der Lee Offering three innovative service models, Lancaster Laboratories provides extensive scientific solutions for clients’ drug development needs. Service models include: Fee for Service (samples tested at Lancaster Labs), Full-Time Equivalent (customer-dedicated teams at Lancaster site) and Professional Scientific Staffing (at client’s site under client’s quality systems)Read MoreEvidence based practice, task 1 Essay9249 Words   |  37 PagesEBT 1 -Task 1 Selected Article from a Nursing Journal: APA Citation: Bradley, S., Mott, S. (2010). Handover: Faster and safer? Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30(1), 23-32 A2. Graphic: Background Information Traditionally nurses delivered clinical information about the patient, the clinical events on their shift and the plan of care to the oncoming shift to ensure continuity of care and to make sure that their colleagues were informed about tasks or instructions that needed to beRead MoreAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 Pages.....................................3 How the Roadmap Is Organized ........................................................................................................................................................3 Checklist of Recommended Issues to Address ..............................................................................................................................4 Joint Commission Requirements..............................................................................

ACC 291 Final Exam Solutions Explanations Essay example

Question 207 On January 1, a machine with a useful life of five years and a residual value of $40,000 was purchased for $120,000. What is the depreciation expense for year 2 under the double-declining-balance method of depreciation? $28,800 Explanation: Use the standard double-declining-balance formula to solve. IFRS Multiple Choice Question 01 As a recent graduate of State University youre aware that IFRS requires component depreciation for plant assets. A friend has asked you to succinctly explain what component depreciation means. Which of the following correctly describes component depreciation? The method that requires that significant parts of a plant asset with different useful lives be depreciated separately.†¦show more content†¦$640,000. Explanation: 490,000 + 120,000 + 30,000 = 640,000 IFRS Multiple Choice Question 04 Each of the following items may be classified as operating or financing activities under IFRS except all of these answer choices may be classified as such. interest paid. dividends received. dividends paid. Explanation: Per IFRS â€Å"interest and dividends received and paid may be classified as operating, investing, or financing cash flows† Multiple Choice Question 165 The current assets of Orangatte Company are $227,500. The current liabilities are $130,000. The current ratio expressed as a proportion is 1.75:1. Multiple Choice Question 41 All of the following requirements about internal controls were enacted under the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 except: independent outside auditors must eliminate redundant internal control. Explanation: Redundant controls are actually a good thing because they help close potential auditing loopholes. Multiple Choice Question 85 Which of the following is not an internal control activity for cash? The functions of record keeping and maintaining custody of cash should be combined. Explanation: This would be considered a bad practice in relation to internal controls. Multiple Choice Question 92 Before a check authorization is issued, the following documents must be in agreement, except for the receiving report. invoice. purchase order. remittance advice.Show MoreRelatedACC 290 new Final Exam Guide New1260 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ACC 290 Final Exam Study Guide Let’s get started†¦ Q 8 – Under IFRS Comparative prior-period information must be presented and financial statements must be provided annually. Explanation: See IFRS financial reporting requirement here: http://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/ias/ias1 Q 10 - Similarities between International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and U.S. GAAP include all of the following except: Both IFRS and U.S. GAAP allow revaluation of items such as land and buildings to fairRead MoreInternational Financial Accounting155754 Words   |  624 Pagesthe best strategies for studying for ACCA exams We highlight the most important elements in the syllabus and the key skills you will need We signpost how each chapter links to the syllabus and the study guide We provide lots of exam focus points demonstrating what the examiner will want you to do We emphasise key points in regular fast forward summaries We test your knowledge of what you ve studied in quick quizzes We examine your understanding in our exam question bank We reference all the important

Management of Patient with Chest Pain

Question: Discuss about the Management of Patient with Chest Pain. Answer: Introduction: When a patient complaining of chest pain is brought into the healthcare system, the very first task that the health care professional present at the emergency room at that particular time requires to perfume is to conduct an evaluation of the patients condition. Initially the evaluation of the patient should be conducted by observation and by the inspection of his or her vital statistics (Parsonage, Cullen Younger, 2013). In case the patient is found to be stable, the triage process (as indicated in the ACEM guidelines) should be conducted, so as to estimate the severity of his or healthcare condition. The 12 LEAD electro cardiogram process (also known as ECG or EKG) should be performed next, besides making oxygen saturation available to the patient. In case the patient still complains of a persisting chest pain, he or she should be treated with Aspirin ( 300 mg 325 mg, depending on the age, gender and weight of the patient). Along with these, the blood pressure of the patient woul d be monitored, besides conducting blood tests like that of Full Blood Count (FBP), Urea and electrolytes (for measuring the kidney function of the patient), blood sugar level tests (BSL), along with the measurement of the troponin level for estimating the damage that has occurred to the heart. More often than not, a chest radiograph accompanies these tests (Than et al. 2014). In case it is found that the patient is not in a stable condition, the triage procedure should not be conducted: instead the patient should be immediately provided with oxygen saturation, following which the 12 LEAD EKG procedure would be conducted (Kong et al. 2012). The observation of the patients blood pressure should be conducted simultaneously with conducting the blood tests mentioned in the section above. However, as soon as the results of the EKG arrive, the same should be checked for determining any anomaly present in the ST elevation ( as anomalies in the ST elevation reflect infarction or myocardial ischaemia). The health practitioner should also check for the presence of any Left bundle branch block or LBBB, if present, in the EKG report (Haaf et al. 2013). The STEMI protocol should be referred to for finding the further interpretations of the same. In the next step, the clinical history of the patient should be documented, so as to collect information about all other ailments or physical conditions that the patient has (Backus et al. 2013). It is worth mentioning that the selection of the drugs to be prescribed to the patient varies largely with the other ailments and allergies that the patient suffers from, thus making the documentation of the clinical history of the patient one of the key processes of the entire process of treatment. The results of the troponin test conducted in the very first stage of the treatment process should have reached the health practitioner by this time. Bedside this, efforts are also directed towards the identification of the ACS risk features of the patient, along with the calculation off the EDAC scores of the same (Six et al. 2013) It is worth mentioning that the 12 LEAD electro cardiogram process is repeated in every 20 minutes and the reports are noted (with special emphasis on any changes in comparison with the test results observed previously) in case the patient complains of persisting chest pain (Than et al. 2014). Once the results of the troponin test and the ACS risks factors are available, decisions regarding the next phase of treatment are taken based on the following logic: Initial level of troponin is negative, ACS risks is low: The effective dosage of the medicine to be provided to the patient to be made after the results of the 2nd round of EKG and tropinin test arrive (Parsonage, Cullen Younger, 2013). Initial level of troponin is negative, ACS risks is not low: Cardiological review of the patient has to be conducted (Kong et al. 2012). Slightly raised level of troponin, undifferentiated level of risk group: The health practitioner should go ahead with further treatment of the patient (Haaf et al. 2013). Raised level of troponin, High risk group: The patient should be admitted in the medical assessment unit on an emergency basis (Kong et al. 2012). References Backus, B. E., Six, A. J., Kelder, J. C., Bosschaert, M. A. R., Mast, E. G., Mosterd, A., ... Monnink, S. H. J. (2013). A prospective validation of the HEART score for chest pain patients at the emergency department.International journal of cardiology,168(3), 2153-2158. Haaf, P., Reichlin, T., Twerenbold, R., Hoeller, R., Gimenez, M. R., Zellweger, C., ... Freese, M. (2013). Risk stratification in patients with acute chest pain using three high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays.European heart journal, eht218. Kong, G., Xu, D. L., Body, R., Yang, J. B., Mackway-Jones, K., Carley, S. (2012). A belief rule-based decision support system for clinical risk assessment of cardiac chest pain.European Journal of Operational Research,219(3), 564-573. Parsonage, W. A., Cullen, L., Younger, J. F. (2013). The approach to patients with possible cardiac chest pain.Med J Aust,199(1), 30-4. Six, A. J., Cullen, L., Backus, B. E., Greenslade, J., Parsonage, W., Aldous, S., ... Than, M. (2013). The HEART score for the assessment of patients with chest pain in the emergency department: a multinational validation study.Critical pathways in cardiology,12(3), 121-126. Than, M., Aldous, S., Lord, S. J., Goodacre, S., Frampton, C. M., Troughton, R., ... Jardine, D. L. (2014). A 2-hour diagnostic protocol for possible cardiac chest pain in the emergency department: a randomized clinical trial

Debut Albums and Greatest Achievement free essay sample

To be the best and stay there sweat is necessary. Im older. Of course Im older. We will write a custom essay sample on Debut Albums and Greatest Achievement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thats the beauty of it. Sixteen years plus deferent level of wisdom. Different level of understanding. Different level of punishment. Want to live long after my records have fallen, long after my rings have tarnished. Whatever you got to do to make sure you chase your legacy. Every second of your life. How will you be remembered? How will you be remembered?Why wouldnt you fight for the greatest achievement ever? Leave your mark to endure forever. Sixteen years plus different level of wisdom. Different level of understanding. Different level of punishment. I want to live long after my records have fallen, long To be the best and stay there sweat Is necessary. Why wouldnt you fight for the greatest achievement ever? Im older. Of course Im older. Thats the beauty of It. Why wouldnt you fight for the greatest achievement ever?

Rhetorical Devices in Speech Essay Example

Rhetorical Devices in Speech Paper How does Obama use Rhetorical Devices In his speech effectively to engage his audience? Throughout Beams speech he uses many different examples of rhetorical devices such as alliteration, personification, trial, allusion and an Inclusive pronoun. Alliteration is used effectively In Beams speech. An example would be depths of despair to the greatest heights of hope. The fact that he goes from the worst to the best corrects the listeners minds and provides an Insight Into Just how good things are going for America In Beams eyes. It proves how far theyve come ND gives the listeners hope for even greater things to come In the future. The use of the word despair suggests that there was very little hope for Americas future In the past and reinforces how bad things must have been for them. To then use the word hope suggests bigger and better things to come, it implies the listener that the best is not here yet and there is a lot more to come and although they have already came so far they are still yet to reach the greatness the country is impending. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Devices in Speech specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Devices in Speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Devices in Speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This makes the audience feel hopeful and trustful in the future for their country. Personification is also used effectively. An example of this would be we care so strongly about its future. In this example Obama is talking about America as a country and referring to it as if it is a real life person. The fact he does this gives likeness and attributes of life to the country, and makes it seem unstoppable in a way as Just like a person, America will keep moving forward and develop new ways of doing things and dealing with situations. Personification is much used in visual arts, so Obama using it in this beech works effectively as it immediately makes the audience picture America in their brains and focus on its future rather than its past. The word strongly has synonyms like able, tough, powerful and Vigorous so it seems the perfect word for Obama to use as it not only makes the people of America feel stronger and more united as a country but also makes them believe they can overcome their past and can move forward and achieve all their goals in the future. By using personification Obama animates a lifeless thing; America which creates excitement In the audience s they feel it isnt the end for Americas and again there are greater things to come. Obama also uses Triad in his speech. An example would be we believe In a generous America; In a compassionate America; In a tolerant America. This Is effective as It almost leads to a climax within the audience as each thing he lists that they believe In seems to get better and more appealing to the people. The fact he uses triad makes his message stand out more and become more memorable In the audiences minds. It allows a speaker to express a concept, emphasize It, and then make It memorable. It also makes the audience more trustworthy of Obama as a leader as It shows he doesnt have one singular goal for America and he Isnt looking to Improve lust one thing. They may feel motivated for change as Obama uses such effective words wanly all link together Ana gall almost give America a Tie as en careless ten country the same way you would a person, which may make the audience feel like one with each other and for America to be all these things they must become these things themselves. Allusion is another effective rhetorical device in Beams speech. An example of this is Tonight more than 200 years after a former colony won the right to determine its own destiny. This works well during his speech as he is convincing America how greater things are to come regardless of the great things that have happened for the country so far. The fact he uses this allusion almost proves to the audience Just how much things may change for the good of America as long ago they couldnt even determine their own destiny this makes them believe Just how much of an impact they can have on their own future. He simplifies the idea of hang by using a well-known story to explain Just how greatly things may change for the country. This makes the audience even more hopeful and prepared for the changes to come in the future of their country. Lastly the use of inclusive pronouns works very effectively. An example would be it moves forward because of you. This implies that without the people, America would be nothing and would be at a standstill. This not only makes the audience feel worthy but also as if they all have a role to play in order to keep America together and as one. The use of the word you addresses the mass audience as though they were individuals having a one on one conversation with Obama, by doing this he keeps the whole audience engaged and interested in what he has to say. To conclude it is clear that Obama uses a variety of different rhetorical devices in order to keep his audience engaged and pleased with his speech. He uses all effectively and manages to make the mass audience still feel like an individual by his use of rhetorical devices. Each rhetorical device creates a different impact or emotion on the audience whether it be individuality, worth, important or trust.

Clausal Structure in English essay part 2

Clausal Structure in English essay part 2 Clausal Structure in English essay part 2 Clausal Structure in English essay part 2Clausal Structure in English essay part  1Adverbial clausesAdverbial clauses are clauses introduced by a subordinating conjunction, which explains the adverbial meaning of the clause. Conjunctions used in adverbial clause are as follows: when/before/after/while (time); because/since (reason); if/unless/lest (condition), etc. For exampleWhen your work day is over, you may go home.I cannot send you emails because I prefer using Skype.Unless you work hard, you will succeed in your life.At the same time, there are minor types of adverbial clause, which are inf. and -ing clauses:Inf. clause: I went to the bus stop to take the bus back home. (Clause introduced by to + infinitive).-ing clause: Jack lost his wallet while fighting. (Clause introduced by present participle).Types of adverbial clauses:Adverbial clauses may be time clauses, which use time-related conjunctions, such as when, whenever, before, after, since, while, as, until, once, as soon as. These clauses are used with regard to a specific period of time or to an event that occurs in the specific moment. For example, She started her career when she was a student. In addition, adverbial clauses are used in the following cases: before +-ing after +subject+verb For example: Before buying this car, make sure it is new. Tom left the house before Jane had realized what was going on.Conditional clauses involve the use of conjunctions, which indicate to the presence of certain condition or conditions, including the following conjunctions: if, unless, whether, provided/-ing (that)†¦, as/so long as, in case. Conditional clauses are used to describe a possible situation and its effects. For example: If they practice sport, they will be in the excellent physical shape.Adjectival clausesOne of the most widely-spread types of adjectival clauses is the relative clause, introduced by such relative pronouns as who, whom, whose, that, or which. For example:Here is the ma (whom) I saw last night, when the murder occurred.This is the car (which) I am using to get to my work.The movie (that) I most enjoy is American Beauty.At the same time, there are two types of adjectival clause which occur very seldom, which are -ing and -ed clauses.-ing clause: The train now standing at platform two is the 2.30 p.m. to New York.-ed clause: He is the pop star pursued by paparazzi.At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that past participles do not all end in –ed. This is why other verb forms are used in such clauses. For example: The movie watched by the audience or the exam taken by the students.Furthermore, the transition from coordination to subordination may occur in adjectival clauses. Using adjectival clause it is possible to combine these two sentences:The national speed limit was repealed.Road accidents have increased sharply.One possible way to coordinate these two sentences is as followsThe national speed limit was repealed and road accidents have increased sharply. Coordination with the help of the conjunction ‘and’ allows connecting the two main clauses. On the other hand, such coordination does not clearly identify the relationship between the ideas in those clauses. Therefore, if it is necessary to clarify the relationship between the two ideas in the given example, it is necessary to change the first main clause into an adverb clause, for example:Since the national speed limit was repealed, road accidents have increased sharply.The adverbial clause indicates to the time relationship between two ideas of the sentence. By changing the first word in the adverb clause, which is called a subordinating conjunction, it is possible to establish a different relationship, for instance, the relationship of cause: Because the national speed limit was repealed, road accidents have increased sharply. However, it is worth mentioning the fact that an adverb clause, like an adjective clause, contains its own subject and pred icate, but it must be subordinated to a main clause to make sense.Furthermore, purpose clauses are clauses that use conjunctions or (finales) = subject. As a rule, the following conjunctions are used to convey the purpose: in order to, so as to (in order not to , so as not to) // subject: so that + can/will, so that + could/would, for fear that. These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action. For example: The police introduced automatic profile processing to identify suspects faster. They had to pass exams successfully so that they could continue their education at the University. The doctor explained the nature of my illness in medical terms so that I wouldn’t understand fully.Another type of adjectival clauses is reason clauses (causales), which use conjunctions that convey the reason of the action or event described in the sentence. The most widely-used reason conjunctions are as follows: because, since, as, (because of + (adj)noun,   due to/owing to+ (ad j)noun). These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something. I couldnt feel anger against him because I liked him too much. Because of the heavy traffic in cities, more people have started taking the train.In addition, there are comparison clauses (comparativas), which use comparative conjunctions, such as: as, than, the + comparative. Comparison clauses are used to compare two or more people, things or facts, for example: I cannot drive a truck as well as I can drive a car. Leila plays tennis better than her sister.Also it is worth mentioning the fact that there are result clauses (consecutivas), which use conjunctions that indicate to the result of the action or event: †¦, so (that)†¦ (Result clauses associated with degree: so + adj/adv + that (tan†¦que†¦) so much + noun(U) + that (tanto/a†¦que†¦) so many + noun(C) + that(tantos/asque†¦) such (a/an/-) + adj+ noun + that. Result clauses are used to indicate the result of something. For ex ample: I had some extra job to do, so that I had no time to call you back. The doctor explained the nature of my illness in medical terms, so that I didn’t understand fully.Furthermore, concessive clauses are another type of adjectival clauses which use concessive conjunctions, such as: although, though, even though, even if, while, whereas(mientras que†¦),   + noun despite + -ing, in spite of the fact that+subj+vb, (however + adj/adv + clause). Concessive clauses are used to communicate the idea of concession, when two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising. For example: I learned hard although I did not have money to continue my education. Although he is a good player, he has no stamina to keep on playing as he used to. In spite of / Despite his age, he kept on working in the construction.Another type of adjectival clauses is place clauses, which use conjunctions indicating to the specific place of action or event described in t he sentence. For example, the following are the most widely-spread place conjunctions: where, wherever. These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something. For example: John believed he can succeed in the new city where he moved to last summer. Wherever she goes, she will always take her ‘lucky’ ring.Furthermore, there are also clauses of manner, which use conjunctions that reflect the manner, in which the action or event is carried out, for example: as, as if, the way, like. Clauses of manner are used to describe someones behavior or the way something is done. For example: I have never had a chance to do the things the way I wanted to do them. Jane did the job as no one has ever expected from her.In such a way, the diverse types of clauses identified by experts involved in the study reveal the clear trend to the close correlation between the main clause and finite or non-finite clause. However, the main clause is independent and may stand alone, while the finite or non-finite clause is coordinated or dependent on the main clause. At the same time, the researchers have proved that the relationships between the main and finite/non-finite clause depends on their function and purpose of the utterance.ConclusionThus, the analysis of the clausal structure in English reveals the fact that the diversity of clauses in English is mainly the result of the different purposes of utterances and the different relationship between the main and finite/non-finite clause. At the same time, the study has revealed the fact that the complex clausal structure depends on several factors, among which the function of the close, the purpose of the utterance and intention of the person making the utterance are key factors that determine the clausal structure.